Instructions for Fundamentals of
Neuroscience assignment This exam
is intended to determine how
well you have grasped the
concepts presented in class and
supplemented by your readings.
You can use your notes,
textbooks, journals, and your handouts
to help you answer these
questions. Any resource except each
other! All questions are in
essay format, and are intended
to make you think and integrate
the material presented to you.
In general, answers should be
approximately 2 pages in length,
but remember, quantity is not
necessarily equivalent to quality!
You are welcome, if appropriate
and utile, to include figures,
drawings, diagrams etc, but be wise!
And all material from published
sources should be cited
appropriately. Please answer
ALL of these questions:
Question 1 – Question
2 – Question 3 –
Question 4 –
Question 5 – Question 6
– Question 7 –
NAME:
Question 1
1) Describe three ways that the
synthetic activity of tyrosine
hydroxylase can be increased, and
discuss differences in the
mechanism and the time frame
over which each of these
processes works. 2)
Describe how each of these
processes links changes in
catecholamine neurotransmission to:
a) changes in
neuronal activity of catecholamine
neurons, and
b) changes in the internal
(body) or external (world)
environment 3) Discuss the
modulatory effects of catecholamines
on their target circuits, and
how each of the TH-‐regulatory
processes might produce different
functional changes in these
modulatory effects.
NAME:
Question 2
It is well-‐known that a
key mechanism by which drugs
increase locomotor activity (i.e. cause
hyperactivity) is by increasing
extracellular dopamine. In
preclinical tests, investigators found
that a novel compound (called
“hyper”) increased locomotor activity
in mice. The investigators
wanted to know the mechanism by
which “hyper” produced this
behavioral effect and asked the
question, “Is the increased
locomotor activity induced by “hyper”
due to an action of the
novel compound to increase
extracellular dopamine by inhibiting
dopamine uptake via the dopamine
transporter in vivo?” Based
on material covered in the
“Neurotransmitter Transporter” lectures,
and your supplemental readings, design
experiments to answer their question.
Hint: Design your answer
as if you were writing a
short research proposal (therefore
your answer should be longer
than a few pages). Your
research proposal should have
the following sub-‐ sections: 1.
Background and rationale for the
proposed experiments 2. Hypothesis
to be tested 3. Experiments to
be carried out 4. Expected
results 5. Alternative outcomes if
you do obtain the expected
results 6. Literature cited
Note: Providing definitions of the
techniques you would use is NOT
a sufficient answer. Use your
training in neuroscience and
pharmacology to provide an answer
that demonstrates critical thinking
and appropriate experimental design.
NAME:
Question 3
You have created a transgenic
mouse which expresses an inhibitory
Gi-‐coupled DREADD from the GFAP
promoter. Long-‐term administration of
CNO from P0-‐P21 during brain
development leads to the reduction
in the density of excitatory
synpases in CA1 of the
hippocampus. Given that astrocytes
are known to secrete many
proteins which regulate synapse
formation, you suspect that there
is an activity-‐dependent protein
that is secreted by astrocytes
that increases synapse density.
1) Design an experiment to prove that an astrocyte-‐secreted factor is involved in the phenotype of the GFAP-‐inhibitory DREADD mouse.
2) Assuming that you have proven that a secreted factor is responsible, design experiments to identify this secreted factor.
1) Design an experiment to prove that an astrocyte-‐secreted factor is involved in the phenotype of the GFAP-‐inhibitory DREADD mouse.
2) Assuming that you have proven that a secreted factor is responsible, design experiments to identify this secreted factor.
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